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Save 10% on select orders over $100 and 15% on orders over $250. Offer valid on any WD or SanDisk product, and on qualifying G-Technology products (listed here), or combinations of qualifying products, bought online through the Western Digital Store. Maximum of one purchase per customer. Offer is only valid while supplies last. This offer may not be combined, used in conjunction with or used in addition to any other promotion or offer. This offer does not apply to taxes or shipping costs. Retailers, Resellers and Distributors are excluded from this promotion. This offer is not applicable for any prior purchases and may not be available in all regions of the world. Western Digital reserves the right to change or discontinue this offer at any time without notice. This promotion is valid on 5/3/21 - 5/9/21.
Sandisk-Details & Exclusions
Save 10% on select orders over $100 and 15% on orders over $250. Offer valid on any WD or SanDisk product, and on qualifying G-Technology products (listed here), or combinations of qualifying products, bought online through the Western Digital Store. Maximum of one purchase per customer. Offer is only valid while supplies last. This offer may not be combined, used in conjunction with or used in addition to any other promotion or offer. This offer does not apply to taxes or shipping costs. Retailers, Resellers and Distributors are excluded from this promotion. This offer is not applicable for any prior purchases and may not be available in all regions of the world. Western Digital reserves the right to change or discontinue this offer at any time without notice. This promotion is valid on 5/3/21 - 5/9/21.
Details & Exclusions
Hassle Free Return for the Holidays
Western Digital Store is introducing an extended return policy this holiday season. Items purchased starting 22 November through 22 December 2021, can be returned until 22 January 2022, for most reasons, without exceptions. Contact Western Digital support to determine if your order qualifies, and to begin the process of a return. This policy is subject to exclusions.
The Increasing demand for data center storage capacities
Data volumes created by enterprises, machines, and consumer-generated content continue to drive demand for data center storage capacities at petabyte, exabyte and even zettabyte scale. Today, large scale data infrastructure already uses tens of thousands of SSDs and HDDs. Managing the extreme scale of data in a cost-effective manner is quickly becoming a requirement.
Benefits of Zoned Storage for the Datacenter
Zoned Storage is an open source, standards-based initiative to enable data centers to scale efficiently for the zettabyte storage capacity era. There are two technologies behind Zoned Storage, Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) in HDDs and Zoned Namespaces (ZNS) in SSDs.
Zoned storage devices, such as ZNS SSDs are divided into zones, significantly simplifying the drive architecture and minimizing the need for complex data management. With a unified software stack, the host is able to intelligently place data in different zones which enables these key benefits:
Increased Capacities
Higher density and scale as virtually no over-provisioning is required
Reduced Cost
Significantly reduced DRAM requirements and fewer support logic functions are required
Improved QoS
With minimal garbage collection required, the device controller can respond quicker
Increased Endurance
Because the data is not constantly re-written, the endurance is improved
The act of implementing Zone Storage on the host allows the system software and hardware to work together more efficiently by eliminating the multiple (duplicated) levels of indirection required for logical to physical mapping between the host and the SSD controller and the file system to the device. ZNS also reduces the need for over-provisioning and removes the issues associated with write amplification and QoS variability. In short ZNS addresses the issues of scale, QoS and TCO which hinder conventional SSDs.
Zoned Storage enables cost effective storage scaling for the zettabyte age
Zoned Storage consists of SMR for HDDs and ZNS for SSDs. Zoned Named Spaces is an extension of the NVMe™ standard. This technology allows us to offer SSDs that are zoned similarly to SMR HDDs, thereby allowing HDD and SSD storage to be seen as though it were one technology. Zoned Storage leverages both SMR and ZNS technologies and open source standards to enhance data center scaling.
With a unified software framework, data can be intelligently placed on both SMR HDDs and ZNS SSDs to increase storage capacity, lower TCO and improve QoS. With Zoned Storage, data center and cloud providers can more cost effectively scale storage for the zettabyte age.
Conventional
Device controls data placement
Zoned
Applications control data placement in zones
Achieving Increased Capacities Through Zoned Storage
Introduction
Challenges for Conventional SSDs
With traditional storage, data is placed on a drive as it arrives. As more-and-more data is written and deleted, data management is required. These necessary actions can tax the drive and negatively impact QoS, limit device density and add cost. For example, in an SSD, data management includes:
Write Amplification
The Same host data is rewritten multiple times as the data is moved on the drive
DRAM Requirments
Large Quantities needed to manage incoming data caching and logical to physical mapping
Garbage Collection
Moving, recombining and deleting data to better organize the data
Over Provisioning
Reserving storage space for internal garbage collection
ZNS
What is ZNS?
ZNS is an acronym for Zoned Namespaces. It is a NVM Express Consortium standard for zoning SSDs. Back in 2018, the synergies between the raw NAND flash erase block constraints and that of SMR HDDs were readily apparent. In a desire to create a standard for zoning SSDs, similar to SMR HDDs, Western Digital proposed the concept of Zoned Namespaces. ZNS extends the existing SMR HDD zone model to benefit from the mature zone storage stack in Linux and other software ecosystems. By leveraging a common software infrastructure, both ZNS and SMR devices can be incorporated into data center and enterprise systems. All of the data management tasks that are problematic for an SSD controller to handle internally can be addressed if these tasks are instead handled by the host system. The architecture of a ZNS SSD yields the following benefits:
Increased Capacities
Higher density and scale as virtually no over-provisioning is required
Reduced Cost
Significantly reduced DRAM requirements and fewer support logic functions are required
Improved Qos
With minimal garbage collection required, the device controller can respond quicker
Because the data is not constantly re-written, the endurance is improved
SMR
What is SMR?
SMR is an acronym for “Shingled Magnetic Recording,” an important technology utilized to increase capacity and enable lower cost per TB in hard disk drives.
It is primarily used in HDDs that populate the world’s largest cloud data centers. As the amount of data created continues to grow at an ever-increasing pace, cloud service providers are seeking ways to drive down costs to enable new applications and provide the benefits of cloud storage to simplify our lives and increase the value of the services they provide.
So how does SMR contribute to this cost reduction? Every platter in a disk drive stores data in a track format. To increase capacity, those tracks have to be written narrower and narrower. SMR circumvents this challenge by writing the tracks in an “overlapping” fashion, much like the shingles on a roof; hence, the name “shingled magnetic recording.”
SMR significantly increases the capacity that can be stored on every disk, improving what we call “areal density” and lowering costs as described above. In a given generation of HDD technology, this could result in approximately 15% additional capacity with cost reduction at both the device and system level.
HDDs have historically used CMR, or “conventional magnetic recording,” without shingled tracks nor the requirement to manage sequential zones. CMR drives support completely random read and write operation. Increasingly though, cloud service providers are investing in host software and file systems that can manage the complexities of SMR to deliver cost savings to their customers at scale. This is a trend that is fundamentally re-shaping the cloud data center and will continue to deliver lower cost and higher value data far into the future.
Explore the HDD technologies which enable scale for data center and enterprise drives. Achieve a better Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) with Western Digital Ultrastar SMR HDDs for data-intensive workloads
Forward Looking Statements
This webpage may contain forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our product and technology portfolio, the capacities, capabilities and applications of, and market for, our products, our strategies and growth opportunities, and market trends. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties are discussed more fully in Western Digital Corporation’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our most recently filed periodic report, to which your attention is directed. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law.
Disclosures
1. Source 1: What is Zoned Storage and Why Does it Matter by William G. Wong (Electronic Design, 9/20/2020)
2. Source 2: The Next Step in SSD Evolution: NVMe Zoned Namespaces Explained by Billy Tallis (AnandTech.com, 8/6/2020)
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